ST has an initiative called STM32duino. Personally I don't know much about it, nor about the AdaFruit provided libraries you are trying to use and their dependencies. So I don't know "how deep the rabbit hole goes".
In STM32 world, you could also try the alternative approach of using CubeMX to configure the required peripherals to do what is needed. But you need to study the Arduino code and libraries and also the STM32 peripherals. I don't see an easy turn-key solution.
