Can I use a USB C Breakout Board with a Nucleo board?

I'm working on a design for a custom keyboard, but I want to test as many components individually as I can before I start ordering parts.

I have a Nucleo-G0B1RE (STM32G0B1), and I've carefully traced the PA11 [PA9] and PA12 [PA10] pins, and connected them to the D- and D+ pins on a Sparkfun USB C breakout board with standard jumper wires. I connected GND to one of the MCU's ground pins and VBUS to the AVDD/PF4 - VREF+ pin.

I don't have any inline resistors - the STM32G0B1 is supposed to have its own pull-up resistor for the DP line.

This doesn't work at all - not only do no computers detect a device, even using a known-working cable, my logic analyser (connected to the bottom pins of the Nucleo) shows not a single blip on the USB data lines. It's only 24MHz, so not fast enough to properly debug FS USB, but I'd expect to see _something_.

On the software side, I've mostly been working with Rust, specifically the Embassy project. But out of desperation, I tried flashing the USB-HID-Device sample code with the STM32CUBEIDE, and despite working step-through debugging there were no dice.

My question is - am I missing something obvious? Is there some resistor needed somewhere, is my board fried, do I need to spend more on a new logic analyzer? I've been tearing my hair out for weeks.

Thanks in advance for your help!